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Instinct vs. Learned Behavior in Animals
A spider raised in complete isolation, having never seen another spider spin a web, will still build one, geometrically precise and structurally soun
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The Chemistry of Emotions in the Brain
Emotions feel deeply personal and immediate, but underneath that subjective experience is a fairly well-characterized biological system: specific bra
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Animal Cognition and Problem-Solving
For a long time, the working assumption in biology was that complex problem-solving required a large, primate-like brain. That assumption has collaps
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Neuroplasticity: The Adaptable Brain
For much of the twentieth century, neuroscientists assumed the adult brain was essentially fixed, its circuitry wired during development and largely
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The Biology of Memory Formation
There's no single place in the brain where a memory sits waiting to be retrieved, and no biological equivalent of a hard drive sector storing it inta
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Mammalian Reproduction and Parental Care
Mammals are defined by two features almost every species shares: nursing offspring with milk, and investing heavily in parental care after birth.
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