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Most React screens are designed for the happy path: the data has arrived, the list has items, and nothing went wrong. Real users see the other states

React doesn't come with a data-fetching layer. It renders UI from state, and how that state gets filled from an API is up to you. That freedom is why

Custom hooks are where a lot of React logic ends up: debouncing, fetching, syncing with localStorage, subscribing to browser APIs, managing complex

Unit and component tests tell you that pieces work. They don't tell you that a user can actually sign up, add something to a cart, and check out in a

Sooner or later, every React component test runs into the network. The component calls fetch in an effect, or uses TanStack Query, or goes through

Most React bugs that reach users aren't in complex algorithms. They're a button that stops submitting after a refactor, an error message that never a